Duration 18:20

The Problem with Solar Energy in Africa

by Real Engineering

6 684 609 watched

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135.7 K

Published 23 Oct 2021

Be one of the first 500 people to sign up with this link and get 20% off your subscription with Brilliant.org: https://brilliant.org/RealEngineering/ New streaming platform: https://watchnebula.com/ Vlog channel: /channel/UCMet4qY3027v8KjpaDtDx-g Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2825050&ty=h Facebook: http://facebook.com/realengineering1 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/brianjamesmcmanus Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/RealEngineering/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/thebrianmcmanus Discord: https://discord.gg/s8BhkmN Get your Real Engineering shirts at: https://standard.tv/collections/real-engineering Credits: Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus Editor: Dylan Hennessy (https://www.behance.net/dylanhennessy1) Animator: Mike Ridolfi (https://www.moboxgraphics.com/) Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net/) Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster https://twitter.com/forgottentowel References: References [1] https://globalsolaratlas.info/map?c=42.779275,-37.617188,4 [2] https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Electricity_production,_consumption_and_market_overview [3] https://www.statista.com/statistics/280704/world-power-consumption/ [4] https://energypost.eu/10000-sq-km-of-solar-in-the-sahara-could-provide-all-the-worlds-energy-needs/ [5] https://www.pv-magazine.com/2019/02/20/spains-third-interconnection-with-morocco-could-be-europes-chance-for-african-pv-or-a-boost-for-coal/ [6] http://climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Hirschhausen-et-al_The-Economics-of-DESERTEC.pdf [7] https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/electricity/hvdctransmission/pdf/transmission.pdf [8] https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Engineering/Courses/ENGN1931F/HVDC_Proven_TechnologySiemens.pdf [9] https://iea-etsap.org/E-TechDS/PDF/E12_el-t& d_KV_Apr2014_GSOK.pdf [10] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350846283_Impact_study_of_NOOR_1_project_on_the_Moroccan_territorial_economic_development [11] https://www.reutersevents.com/renewables/csp-today/technology/towers-versus-troughs#: ~:text=LPT%20550's%20solar%2Dto%2Dsteam,steam%2C%20according%20to%20the%20company.&text=Storage%20is%20another%20key%20advantage%20of%20the%20tower%20technology [12] https://techstartups.com/2020/11/19/worlds-biggest-solar-energy-project-failure-1-billion-boondoggle-solar-plant-project-became-obsolete-ever-went-online/ [13] https://www.reviewjournal.com/opinion/editorials/editorial-future-of-crescent-dunes-solar-plant-near-tonopah-appears-bleak-1866768/ [14] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-06/a-1-billion-solar-plant-was-obsolete-before-it-ever-went-online [15] https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/ise/en/documents/News/electricity_production_germany_2020.pdf [16] https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/Morocco_-_Ouarzazate_Solar_Power_Station_Project_II_-_ESIA_Summary.pdf Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung

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Comments - 15566

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@rage4dorder3 years ago 150 million * 592 is a bit more than 8.9 billion $ 9979
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@tronicit3 years ago I’m in Australia and there’s a big factor that you’ve missed. Ironically, panels don’t work as well in extreme heat. Sun light = good, extreme heat = bad. 9047
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@martinwulf82533 years ago If only there was a magic rock, that when you put it closer to other magic rocks, it got really hot, and stayed that way for a long time. 3498
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@bananaana1860last year In China they use solar panels in the desert along with planting small plants under the solar panel to fight against desertification. One woman who won the noble peace prize over a decade ago was a Chinese woman living in the desert with her husband. She and many others have found methods to plant in the desert. I'm hoping that with the amount of incredibly skilled and talented innovative brains in this world, can come up with a solution for a greener planet. We may not see them but they exist and are working very hard for a better future. ... 155
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@naimi95848 months ago This panel can put out close to 100 watts when positioned in the appropriate southernly direction, tilted to the optimal angle for your latitude/date, and connected to a higher capacity device than a 500. The built in kickstand angle is a fixed at 50 degrees. Up to 20% more power can be output by selecting the actual date and latitude optimal angle.The 500 will only input 3.5A maximum at 18 volts for 63 watts. Some of the excess power from the panel can be fed into a USB battery bank, charged directly from the panel while also charging a 500. This will allow you to harvest as much as 63 + 15 = 78 watts.If this panel is used to charge a larger device, such as the power station, then its full output potential can be realized. ... 163
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@1978garfield3 years ago That is the happiest looking meter I have ever seen. 890
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@VigilanteSystems2 years ago I had 5 years ago some Business with a startet from germany.. they convert shipping Containers into solar farms.. you just put them where is space, you unfold the system and connect the village or whatever usage you have.. they cost around 150 000 Euro per piece only.. but its a local solution.. ... 20
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@ThorneyedWT8 months ago - that is the happiest instrument I ever seen! 5
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@rippenburn2 years ago I was involved with solar in the UAE sand was a major problem because the panels become ever so slightly damp with condensation in the morning and coated with a fine layer that had to be washed off. I seem to remember the efficiency dropped by up to 80%. It's the same problem with cars left out overnight. We were even looking at automated rinsing systems. It was a decade ago and I don't know if they solved the problem. ... 1454
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@JohnLeeCaskey2 years ago Beyond the technical and scientific issues, there's also the problem of energy dependence. Giving another country control over your power is insane. 2525
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@exosproudmamabear5589 months ago They can use the power for desalination plus reforestation. Plus you can put solar panels a bit higher and do some farming underneath and help for dessert animal and plants to get some shade. Multipurposing this idea can save the region and whole world eventually but you need small steps of course. Also reforestation and farming will help with extreme heats which can decrease lifetime of solar panels and increase need for cooling systems. ... 38
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@rubyparker58318 months ago Also I'd be careful calling deserts barren, yes even the Sahara. Deserts are huge carbon sinks in ways that arent fully understood by scientists. Its not just the underwater basins but also these huge crusts of bacteria that grow on the surface of deserts. Building huge projects like this destories those crusts. Theyre extremely understudied and theres definitely ways they interact with desert ecosystems that we just do not understand at all yet. I know the discovery of these systems is recent, but the way everyone describes deserts as barren is really troubling. Theres still an ecosystem there and ignoring that to treat it as empty land could lead to huge losses we dont fully understand the consequences of. ... 40
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@zahariburgess36603 years ago I live in Kenya and solar here is incredible since there is no true "winter", its only sunny and rainy season so there is not less sunlight or less sun hours around the year 871
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@subliminalvibes3 years ago How many Ewan McGregors do they generate per square kilometre? 933
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@Dragon_MSTR_9996 days ago Africa:
exists
Foreign power:
You up 2
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@mikecurry6847last year Wow I was totally mistaken about AC versus DC in terms of long term transmission. I actually thought it was the exact opposite, that AC was preferable over long distances. I specifically remember learning that in school as a reason why the US uses AC, the distances are longer. I've been carrying around that possible misconception for like 25 years lol. I'm going to have to look into it now and see if maybe I just misunderstood what they said, if they were wrong outright, or if something has changed since then that rendered what they taught me obsolete ... 52
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@cmilkau3 years ago "watt hours per day" is an ingenious way to unambiguously express the average output despite its varying over the day. 807
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@timobracht12523 years ago Dear Real Engineering Team,
there has been some confusion with Desertec and other organisations. As a director of the Desertec Foundation I hope to start a productive discussion about the Pros and Cons of the concept. Some information presented is outdated (for example the water issue has been solved with newer plants).
I send you a mail with some further information.
If you are interested, I can try to organise a visit to a more sophisticated plant. Then you can see the solutions in real life! ... 669
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@AlexanderWright18 months ago Of course, what you want is a combination of solar thermal, and photovoltaic.
Use the PV panels to focus the heat onto the central tower, while also generating electricity. 4
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@LCTesla9 months ago Generating hydrogen with modular, mass-producible setups might make more sense in these areas. When you have energy to spare, it's not so bad to waste it in the conversion.
I guess just pumping large amounts of water from Mediterranean would be a challenge there, hence why it also makes more sense to do that closer to the Mediterranean. ... 14
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@psedach3 years ago We recently did a short school project on Nigeria and ~40% of their population is off their grid/doesn't get reliable electricity. Using local solar they can support their people without heavily investing in grid infrastructure. Solar is a win internally in Africa. ... 584
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@KieraCameron5148 months ago On the winter solstice, the solar power in Algeria is about 277.9 watts per square meter in Algeria. Adjusting for capacity-factor, on that day in Algeria, a square meter would net about 1.3 kwh in a day. 1
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@vali744311 months ago There is also one of these towers close to my hometown in South Africa that has been running since 2016 called the Khi Solar One Power Plant with another one being built soon within the same province. 1
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@Herbrax2123 years ago As a Moroccan, I really hope for success of local electric production, it would be a gamechanger for the industry. 429
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@bradlucid8 months ago Ive never seen such a smooth and effective transition to a sponsor.
Also, great video!
Thanks 2
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@mr.grenade9497last year It's worth taking into account that the Saharan desert has a relation with the rainforests in South America and covering vast amounts of seemingly "useless" sand might result in natural disasters on the other side of the ocean. ... 108
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@Super_Citizen_Paimon3 years ago Nuclear power: "Look what they have to do to mimic a fraction of my power." 810
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@cheesenoodles83162 years ago I have watched the desert dwellers work with solar panels. Deserts equal dust and sand. We are not there yet. Small set ups that are easily cleaned and maintained by the direct user seem to be a good option. 333
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@JJE2010MOlast year The video of the lightning storm @ is AMAZING!!!!
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@michaelvanrheede72252 years ago There is a CSP tower based plant being built in south africa as well, i have been there
It only has 100 MW power generating capacity though
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@ion19693 years ago The Xlinks Morocco-UK Power Project, as it's known, will cover an area of around 579 square miles (1,500 square kilometers) in Morocco and will be connected exclusively to the UK via 2,361 miles (3,800 km) of HVDC subsea cables. 27 Sep 2021. ... 151
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@isacc83243 years ago *Nuclear talking to Fusion*: “look what they need to do to mimic a fraction of our power“ 519
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@TighelanderII10 months ago In a 1913 issue of Scientific American, there is a story of a solar power plant in Egypt. 2
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@donalddodson7365last year Very well done. This explains why simple "one assumption fits all" thinking so prevalent in US energy policy falls short. Thank you. 51
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@spider_pig75883 years ago I work on solar sites in the northeast us where hundreds of acres of forest are cleared for photovoltaic solar arrays. It’s hard to see a solar array under construction and not think that the environmental cost is worse than the benefit. ... 483
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@ethribin41883 years ago Local infrastructure should always be used locally first.
Much more energy efficiency 393
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@tiutitiger4eto7097 months ago The valve at made my day : ) 1
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@Magicman85082 years ago Solar energy in germany also has its problems. The energy output is unstable. Sometimes more, sometimes nothing. We have no possibilities to store the energy and we need to pay other countrys around to take the energy if we are producing too much. And also buy energy from them if the production is too low. ... 4
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@OmarAQQ3 years ago There are a couple of points left out, such as temperature, cost of land and intermittency based on location. Temperature is an efficiency factor for PVs and installing them in a desert where temperature goes beyond 45 C is not a very feasible idea. Cost of land in Germany is multiples higher than cost of land in Morocco. Finally, in Germany PVs energy supply will be more intermittent than that of Morocco's. ... 253
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@tiestofalljays2 years ago As someone who grew up in West Africa, it will come down government officials and how honest they are. Corruption even in the countries that are doing well (Ghana for example) is still present. Ask any Ghanaian about ECG (the Electricity Company of Ghana…also known as “Electricity Come and Go”). ... 42
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@hondsdollekat8 months ago Big oil companies would never agree to this, even if it were possible. 1
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@mjbastian36778 months ago Enjoyed the narrative and video. But wouldn’t the total costs also need to include disposal, or recycling costs of the solar and wind equipment after it meets its economic life? 3
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@davidelliott58433 years ago The Moltex molten salt nuclear reactor runs continuously while heating the same type of heat storing salt used in solar boilers. The heat is used to fill peaks in demand while the reactor runs continuously. Costs are cheaper than coal and you don’t need all the cabling of solar (any type) to connect the panels. ... 280
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@justaguy61003 years ago Generation tends to be the focus, while transmission and storage have enormous engineering challenges as well. But advances for both are coming, too. 341
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@victorw41427 months ago Heat can be used as energy storage by heating the melted salt to make the station operational at night
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@juliuszkocinski74782 years ago There is also huge problem of politics. Not only these regions are volatile, but Europe just afted this video released learned the hard way how dangerous it is to be energy depended on other country.
Though I really like the idea of green energy production potential to be new natural resource which country can sell and turn into wealth ... 4
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@killerbye19853 years ago A very important factor to take into account when dealing with African countries is the level of corruption. Those of us who live in Africa know this fact all too well. Politicians line their pockets to such a degree that the country suffers. They don't take 10%, they take 90% and leave the country the rest. ... 170
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@youssefwalieddine4723 years ago As MechE student and Moroccan citizen, this video was soo informative!! Thank you! 23
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@dombaker19242 years ago We have recently learned how an autocrat thinks he can start a war and get away with it because his country are a key supplier of global energy. We would need significant storage and back-up plans to ensure similar autocrats could never contemplate doing such a thing. ... 29
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@chrisschene83019 months ago Algorithms: a couple of my fellow employees were taking a class called "Analysis of Algorithms" . We worked together on some of the algorithms. Both analyzing and deriving using calculus and advanced math. It was quite fascinating. ...
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@1984Phalanx3 years ago This is all fascinating. On the surface if someone said to me "let's turn the Sahara into a giant solar plant" I would think it's a good idea. You bring up a lot of good points. 271
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@mohammedelbaraka42023 years ago Greetings from Morocco!! I love your content!! 146
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@gustlschnitzelmoser4558 months ago When I learned about Desertec, the big idea for energy transport was hydrogen electrolysis next to the panels in Africa and transport via tanker ship to Europe. I had hoped to hear about that idea aswell as transport via cables. ... 4
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@trevorkolmatycki4042last year Two things that are critical in the delivery of reliable electricity is diversity and redundancy. A minimum requirement is N-1 redundancy which means you have to design a system to be capable of maintaining supply even if you lose any single element in that system. So in oversimplified terms this means you need to have roughy double of everything. So the huge quantities spoken of in this video amounts to roughly half of the real requirement. This requirement is not just for protection from equipment failures… you also have to be able to de energize and isolate system elements for repair and maintenance without requiring heinous long outages. So there’s that.
Also, it is risky to have all of your eggs in one basket… for obvious reasons. So if Europe were to depend on a single supply from a solar farm in Africa… Europe would not have sufficient diversity of supply sources to be able to survive a disruption… Europe would require a multitude of diverse sources in different locations to have security.
Look at the trouble Germany is presently experiencing from becoming dependent on Russian natural gas without first achieving a durable economic and strategic alliance with Russia… this is but one example of too many eggs in one basket.
So there’s that.
Also solar power is intermittent and can only supply during daytime and favourable weather… therefore it can only support daytime peak loads not base load. So there’s that.
People who fantasize about a world powered exclusively by direct solar are living in a utopian dream.
Ironically, fossil fuel based power generation is also solar power. The ultimate source of the potential energy stored in fossil fuels is from the sun. This stored solar energy is released as heat energy through combustion. So this idea that you cannot store solar energy is not true. Nature has been doing this for millennia. ... 1
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@SimplestUsername3 years ago I have nothing but respect for your honest critique of these over simplified "easy clean energy" ideas. 134
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@archcollie57083 years ago My question regarding solar is how long do the panels last, especially given the wind-blown sandy environment, and when the panels require replacing, what happens to the waste? There is a hell of a lot of heavy metals in solar panels. Who pays for the clean-up, or is it left to the poor African countries to deal with? ... 233
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@ZoomZoomMX39 months ago They should be all over roads and canals. Think road usually means house or something using electricity and canals loose water were already trying to move somewhere to evaporation but if we cover or float panels on the canals it reduces evaporation. ...
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@FrozenMilkOnACloudyDay9 months ago Ive never thought about electrical grids as machines; I really appreciate that perspective. 4
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@gorzux28293 years ago So what about Chile's massive potential of energy production in the Atacama desert (photovoltaic) and Patagonia (eolic)? Maybe the low local demand of energy may be a benefit for exporting stacked energy in the shape of hydrogen from water desalination electrolysis plants, specially considering that every in Chile is close to the coast. It's just the perfect industry for my country ... 319
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@amonducius2 years ago The countries of Africa can still use solar for their own power needs. Sure, it may not be able to save Europe's power needs, but at least it means clean renewable energy in poorer countries that tend to have lax environmental regulations and use carbon-based energy. ... 506
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@Tanisaykut8 months ago high voltage cables are expensive. Instead of multiple lines of cables u can make 1 line of gas pipe, turn the solar energy to hydrogen in desert and pump the hydrogen wherever.
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@user-wu2ux5in6q2 months ago The transition into the Brilliant sales pitch was too smooth
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@waynebyarlay84213 years ago It would be neat to somehow be able to combine water desalination AND power generation in those big towers. 157
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@MasterMalrubius2 years ago I think we learned that relying on energy from people who view us unfavorably did not work out the first time. And the distribution of the energy was much easier. 445
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@Th0mas24718 months ago Placing cables between Europe and Africa could be done with the budget of just one Marvel movie / series.
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@Insanonaga8 months ago I wonder how well just plopping some solar convection towers like they’ve got in nevada and such would work. Fewer reflectors would be needed due to the high heat of the area. I’m not sure what sorts of migratory birds would be affected by that though. ...
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@paulhaynes80453 years ago Nice to see a YT channel taking a broader, more realistic view of technological 'solutions' for a change. 103
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@andrewthompson41482 years ago I studied this a few years back. The biggest issue solar companies faced in Africa was crime and sabotage. 150
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@lq202last year Interconnections are usually categorised by how much Voltage they transfer, not MW
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@madmorto2610last year We are actually doing a case study on the noor 3 facility in my first year engineering maths class! Very amused I came across this over breakfast.
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@fastfiddler16253 years ago I see a really awesome game like Factorio or a mod that focuses on electricity generation and distribution in a more complex and realistic way. This is fascinating stuff. Enough so that I feel I chose the wrong career. 216
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@Ass_of_Amalek3 years ago it could be practical though to spread probably largely decentralized solar power systems (like for one household or one village) through desert and desert-adjacent inhabited areas to replace wood and charcoal for cooking, and also provide some electricity for electronic devices to aid in education etc.. I hear areas like the sahel have long had a problem with trees being cut down for firewood, when they are desperately needed to hold off desertification and graze goats and such. countering desertification locally by use of solar power probably wouldn't make a difference for the climate, but it would help to reduce the displacement of people in those areas, which is generally going to be a huge worldwide problem in the coming decades. it would also be nice in that it would empower poor people, whereas the plans to export african solar power to europe would as usual benefit corporations and corrupt officials. well, the solar power would probably also be routed to some nearby cities, but certainly not to villages in the middle of nowhere. ... 195
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@x7Samuraix7 months ago Solar energy if implemented right works. As a matter of fact, it can supply energy demands of most of the USA. Just get a system which alternate panels to avoid overheating.
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@FearlesslyRed3 months ago no way you referenced burning man ahahah I love it
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@lumberjackdreamer62672 years ago Solar’s main advantage is that it’s super easy to connect locally.
Locally produced, locally used.
It’s like having a water source in your backyard: it’s super easy to use that water, but it would be very difficult to transport it ... 107
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@HoroRH2 years ago We should be careful about the operating cost of PV. I worked in the KSA for a year and although skies are clear, there's a lot of dust in the air and there's an issue with water needed to keep the panels clean so they can maintain their efficiency ... 67
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@thecreatorc8 months ago Seems like solar energy systems need a major design overhaul. Better engineering is needed
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@connietrent534last year Air is storable, compressing the air with the panels. transfer the energy via pipeline. then generate power with the air pressure. Rivers and streams using a water wheel will compress air. The wind will compress air.
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@connecticutaggie3 years ago Rather than relying in transmission lines, why not use the electricity locally for something that is energy intensive (Mining and Refining, Magnesium via electrolysis, Methane via Sabatier Process, etc.) then transport the products. ... 71
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@zlamanit3 years ago let's not forget about economy of scale and the fact that each interconnection could be scalled up. The UK has 6 GW connections to france, and a new 1.4 GW interconnection to Norway that measures 720km and required €1.4bln to build. ... 50
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@OCTAGRAM9 months ago If electricity transportation is so troublesome, can we conserve the chemical energy instead? I.e. in hydrogen form. Or synthetic gas, designed to be compatible with existing natural gas infrastructure. Then we gather one or another gas and sell it on the marker, deliver it like ordinary natural gas. ...
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@ZMacZ2 years ago Currently any large scale operation for solar voltaics should be around />$0.25 all in per watt tops.
The Chinese were dumping cheap solar panels for $0.09 /watt back in the day.
So, yeah, $0.25 /watt operational capacity is reasonable,
given all the additional (but repetitive techs). ...
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@randykintzley59233 years ago Decentralize. Any other option will screw the consumer with inflated prices and lack of innovation.
Put panels on your home coupled with battery storage. Preferably in the form of an electric vehicle. Selling to consumers drives competition. The capacity goes up and the price goes down. Recent drops in panel cost are a real world example. Not an estimate.
Decentralization is also a strategic move for national defense. An attack on the grid is ineffective if most people are not on the grid. ... 56
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@ChinchillaBONK2 years ago General gist is that we need a total comprehensive solution that combines not just the energy resources itself, but also energy storage, transmissions and smart grids. 11
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@anthonyjames457 months ago Volt drop's correction with Step up transformers.
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@vincentthibodeau25322 years ago For long range electricity lines, look at Quebec. We are the first to make 765kW lines. Our biggest barrages are like 500km away from us
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@PMI5513 years ago the power meter looks like a goofy smiley face 😀 16
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@richardcollman20643 years ago This video is brilliant - thank you for explaining the high voltage AC and DC vs distance cost comparison and PV vs solar thermal costs. 95
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@elforeigner32609 months ago Too much heat, melt the panels
😂😂😂
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@TheMechanator10 months ago Also, another way to ship the energy generated on solar farms in the deserts would be to make liquid ammonia and it can burn on ships and generators. Tanking and shipping it at lower pressures than natural gas is technically possible. Australia is looking at exporting ammonia for ship usage soon. Eventually, one could replace current natural gas sources with Ammonia and retain the natural gas plant infrastructure already built. The water source could be seawater that is desalinated and cracked for the hydrogen. There are new catalysts that make it possible to generate ammonia without ridiculous temperatures and pressures required like the Haber Bosch process now. ...
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@baldinggrey53683 years ago I sometimes play a game in my head where I try to guess where exactly the transition to the sponsored segment starts. It's usually at some point when the narration starts rattling on about knowledge in general. I miss the time before sponsors where so deeply integrated into the video itself. ... 149
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@TheUltimateRage3 years ago That transition into the ad at the end was SUPER smooth lolol great vid! 33
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@emansadig56724 weeks ago Thank you for touching on how these discussions keep focusing on how Africa can benefit Europe when Africa has been beaten, bled, and sold to do that very thing for centuries. In order for this to work it should be about how Africa can benefit Africa and build up security and peace within the continent and THEN begin to export and benefit other nations/the world. That way, the solar economy will be secure from the frequent conflicts and instability that plague Africa today as a lasting impact of colonization and imperialism that persists till now. ...
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@bluedistortions8 months ago Another factor is the total corruption of the governments.
In South Africa, multiple times a year, the government finds new ways to punish those who buy solar, even as they admit they cant create enough power for the country. The grid is blacked out 50% of every day now. ...
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@wzDH1063 years ago Best to avoid the one size fits all approach or idea, we love falling into such a simplistic thought process.
Diversification is key in generation and storage. Reliable, consistent solar generation of the desert will be critical going forward, but should not be considered a monopoly. ... 48
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@hamzamoussaid88953 years ago i've been watching you for years !! watching a video from you about our country means a lot !!
"lots of love from Morocco !!!" <3 34
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@ScienceDiscovererlast year This concentrated solar plant looks exactly like one in Sahara movie (2007). But in the movie they used it to super heat and "vaporise" toxic waste, lol.
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@nuclearhominoidea9 months ago imagine putting your only source of energy far away from home in a not so secure and watched region where a single man can cut a wire and its over